BERKALA PENELITIAN HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES

Extraction, Identification, and In Silico Analysis Bioactive Compound of Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721 from Euphorbia sp. Rhizosphere as Antibacterial and Antiviral Drugs Candidates

Dian Rachma Wijayanti — 2026-04-30

Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that display an important role in their ability to produce secondary metabolites in the form of bioactive compounds with various chemical structures and biological activities. Thousands of bioactive compounds have been isolated and characterized. These compounds have been developed into medicines for the treatment of various diseases in humans and animals problems. Antibiotic resistance is still a major global health challenge. This involves the transfer of bacteria and genes between humans, animal dan the environment. The next stage after the exploration of antimicrobial potential is the extraction and purification of the components of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the extraction and identification of actinomycetes bioactive compounds is very important especially in the development of new candidates for antibiotics. Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721 was previously isolated from Euphorbia sp. Rhizosphere. The methodology comprises from the preparation of the isolate, production and extraction of bioactive compound, antibacterial test and GC-MS analysis. Crude extract showed an average of 12 mm inhibition zone against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. There are seven bioactive compounds from Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721. These compounds were Dibutoxy (Dimethyl) Silane, Naphthalene, Butane, 1,1-Dibutoxy, Heneicosane, 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-Hexadecane, Icosane and Nonadecane. Bioactive compounds were then analyzed in silico with molecular docking. In silico studies showed that bioactive compounds have very good antibacterial activity with different binding energies, inhibition constants, and protein-ligand interactions. Three compound 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-Hexadecane, Naphtalene, and Butane, 1,1 dibutoxy showed promising antibacterial and antiviral activity. These compounds should be further investigated for future antibacterial and antiviral candidates

Flavonoids and Alkaloids from Murraya paniculata Exhibit Potential as DDI1 Inhibitors in Plasmodium falciparum: A Molecular Docking Analysis

Arif Ladika Wiratama — 2026-04-30

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains has created an urgent need for new malarial therapeutic targets. The DNA Damage-Inducible Protein 1 (DDI1), which plays a critical role in protein degradation and parasite survival, has been identified as a promising molecular target for antimalarial drug development. Murraya paniculata, a plant rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, has shown antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties, but its interaction with DDI1 remains unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the binding potential, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of M. paniculata phytoconstituents as DDI1 inhibitors using the crystal structure with Protein Data Bank code 2i1a. Methods: Representative alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin compounds from M. paniculata were retrieved from PubChem, converted to 3D structures, and energy-minimized. The 3D structure of DDI1 (PDB ID: 2i1a) was obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker, while SwissADME and ProTox-II were used to assess pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Results: Alkaloid depicted the strongest binding affinity (-7.2 kcal/mol), forming key hydrogen bonds with Tyr205 and Lys325 at the DDI1 active site, followed by flavonoid (-6.9 kcal/mol) and tannin (-4.2 kcal/mol). Most compounds demonstrated favorable GI absorption and complied with Lipinski’s rule of five. Toxicity predictions indicated low acute toxicity (Class IV, LD50: 1190 mg/kg) with potential hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: M. paniculata alkaloids and flavonoids tannins have promising potential as DDI1 (PDB ID: 2i1a) inhibitors, supporting their development as lead structures for novel antimalarial agents.

Isolation and Characterization of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Producing Biopigments from Dye-Yielding Plants in North Central Timor Regency

Maria Yasinta — 2026-04-30

Abstract

The use of biopigments has emerged as an alternative solution to minimize the risks associated with synthetic dyes. Biopigments, also known as natural dyes, can be extracted not only from plants but also from bacteria. Biopigments are biodegradable, making them more environmentally friendly and safe for health. This research is important to conduct because it supports one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely good health and well-being. The use of natural dyes provides a safer and more environmentally friendly solution for health. The research stages included isolation, molecular characterization of 16S rRNA, biochemical activity tests, and extraction and characterization of the types of pigments produced. The research results from 15 pure isolates selected four isolates with the most potential. Based on the results of staining gram and biochemical tests and molecular identification, the endosymbiotic bacterial isolate code HTB1 has a similarity to Pseudomonas putida strain OS-18, isolate code HTB2 has a similarity to Pantoea sp, and isolate code HTD2 has a similarity to Bacillus subtilis strain G-13. Yellow pigment was extracted by the solvent extraction method and characterized by using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The Maximum absorbance was obtained at 452 nm, justify the presence of carotenoid pigment, and FTIR results reveal the same.

Histopathological blood-brain barrier, and brain cellular profile in preeclampsia rat model treated with andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) seed extract

Ruth Friscillia Br Aruan — 2026-04-30

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after mid-gestation, which can impair the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lead to brain tissue damage. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contains flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may provide neuroprotection against such pathological changes. This study aims to analyze the histopathology of the BBB and the cellular profile of brain tissue in a preeclampsia mouse model treated with different doses of andaliman seed extract. Pregnant rats were allocated into four groups: healthy controls, preeclampsia controls, and preeclampsia models treated with andaliman seed extract at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) or 200 mg/kg BW. Preeclampsia was induced through high-salt exposure, and brain tissues were processed and evaluated histologically. The preeclampsia control group exhibited severe BBB disruption, including endothelial swelling, perivascular edema, and neuronal disorganization. Treatment with 100 mg/kg BW of andaliman extract resulted in moderate improvement, reducing edema and partially restoring endothelial and neuronal morphology. Conversely, 200 mg/kg BW produced more substantial recovery, characterized by well-preserved vascular boundaries, minimal perivascular spaces, and organized neuronal layers. These findings suggest that andaliman seed extract exerts a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect by maintaining BBB integrity and brain cell architecture in preeclampsia. The 200 mg/kg BW dose demonstrated the most effective outcome, indicating the potential of andaliman as a natural therapeutic agent for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.